VALUE CHAIN #
Rice Value Chain
Rice import
Global purchases of imported rice totaled US$18.7 billion in 2016.
Overall, the value of rice imports for all importing countries was down by an average -23.6% since 2012 when rice purchases were valued at $24.4 billion. Year over year, imported rice shipments depreciated by -17.9% from 2015 to 2016.
The 4-digit Harmonized Tariff System code prefix for rice is 1006.
Among continents, Asian countries accounted for the highest dollar worth of imported rice during 2016 with purchases valued at $8.3 billion or 44.3% of the global total. In second place were African importers at 23.9% while 15% of worldwide rice imports were delivered to European nations with 7.1% going to North America. Oceania countries led by Australia and New Zealand accounted for 1.9%.
Rice export
Rice exports by country totaled US$19.9 billion in 2016 down by an average -16.7% for exporting countries from 2012 when overall rice shipments were valued at $23.9 billion. Year over year, the value of global rice exports also dipped by -12.2% from the $22.7 billion worth of exported rice during 2015.
From a continental perspective, Asian countries accounted for the highest dollar value worth of rice exports during 2016 with shipments amounting to $14.5 billion or two-thirds (66.4%) of all rice exports.
North American exporters supplied 9.6% of global rice exports, followed by Europe at 8.4% then Latin America (excluding Mexico) and the Caribbean at 6.6%. African rice exporters was responsible for a smaller percentage at 1.7%.
http://www.worldstopexports.com/rice-exports-country/
Rice Exporting Companies
Below are bulk rice-supplying conglomerates that dominate the worldwide grain trade (73% of the global market in 2003, according to OXFAM researchers). Shown within parenthesis is the country where the company is headquartered.
- Cargill (United States)
- Archer Daniels Midland (United States)
- Bunge (United States)
- Louis Dreyfus (France)
According to global trading platform Alibaba, the following companies are also examples of rice-trading companies located in the country shown within parentheses:
- Navdurga Rice Mill (India)
- Nakornton Rice Co., Ltd. (Thailand)
- PAK Rice Village (Pakistan)
- Sunrise Foodstuff Joint Stock Company (Vietnam)
- AEDI’ S.R.L. (Italy)
- Trade BEVAR S.A. (Brazil)
- Sichuan Deyi Green Foods Group Co., Ltd. (China)
Rice Exporting and Importing Countries
India is the largest rice exporting country and neighbouring China is the largest rice importing country in the world as of 2016/17.
Rice is a very important cereal grain that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world by a large section of the human population. Rice refers to the seed of the Oryza sativa grass species of Asia or the Oryza glaberrima grass species of Africa. After sugarcane and maize, rice is the third highest produced agricultural commodity in the world.
Export of Rice
Developing countries are the major players in the world rice trade. Only about 1% of the rice produced globally is traded. Developing countries account for about 83% of exports and 85% imports of rice. While many countries are significant importers of rice, only five countries are the major rice exporters. The ranking of these countries by export volume of rice has greatly altered over the years. In 2002, Thailand, Vietnam, China, the US, and India, the five top rice exporters in decreasing order of exported quantities, were responsible for about three-quarters of the world’s rice exports. In 2010, however, the three top exporters were Thailand, Vietnam, and India. By 2012, India became the world’s top rice exporter while Thailand slipped to the third position after Vietnam. The three countries accounted for 70% of the world’s rice exports.
According to the latest figures of 2016/2017, the five principal rice exporting countries in the world are India, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, and the United States in decreasing order of amount of rice exported. The primary variety of rice exported by India is the aromatic Basmati variety. Thailand and Vietnam specialize in the export of the Jasmine variety of rice.
The Top Rice Importing Nations
According to the latest figures, the major importers of rice in the world are China, Nigeria, the European Union, Saudi Arabia, and the Philippines. China leads the world’s countries in rice imports by importing 5,000,000 metric tons of rice in 2016/17.
Top Rice Exporting and Importing Countries
| Rank | Exporting Country | Amount Of Rice Exported (2016/17), in 1000 metric tons | Importing Country | Amount Of Rice Imported (2016/17), in 1000 metric tons |
| 1 | India | 10,300 | China | 5,000 |
| 2 | Thailand | 10,000 | Unaccounted | 2,871 |
| 3 | Vietnam | 5,800 | Nigeria | 1,900 |
| 4 | Pakistan | 4,200 | European Union | 1,850 |
| 5 | United States | 3,550 | Saudi Arabia | 1,550 |
| 6 | Burma | 1,500 | Philippines | 1,400 |
| 7 | Cambodia | 1,000 | Cote d’Ivoire | 1,350 |
| 8 | Uruguay | 850 | Iran | 1,050 |
| 9 | Brazil | 650 | Indonesia | 1,000 |
| 10 | Argentina | 550 | Iraq | 1,000 |
http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-rice-exporting-and-importing-countries.html
http://www.ke-rice.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538830294&Ntype=4
Rice Specification
Export Grade
The Jasmine rice that mixed with 8% or less other breeds of rice compared by the total weight and Jusmine must be 92% pure call for a common standard for Export or Domestic use.
- The average length of the whole kernel without any broken part shall not less than 7.0 mm
- Tht ratio of the average length against the average width of the whole kernel witout any broken part shall not be less than 3.0 mm
- Long grain class 1 not less than 70.0%, the rest shall be Long grain class 2
- Of all these there may be Long grain class 3 not exceeding 5.0%
- Whole kernels not less than 60.0%
- Size of Broken having the length >=5.0 / <8.0mm not exceeding 4.0%
- Size of Head rice >=8.0mm
- Chalky kernels not exceeding 3.0%
- White glutinous rice not exceeding 1.5%
- Paddy not exceeding 5 grains per 1 kg. of rice
- Extra well milled
Thai Long Grain White Rice (TWR): Specification Standard 1997
| Rice Types / Broken Standardd / Analysis | 5% | 10% | 15% | 25% | 35% | 45% |
| LONG GRAIN
CLASS 1 >7.0mm Not less than, % |
20.0 | 10.0 | 5.0 | ** | ** | ** |
| SHORT GRAIN
< 6.2mm, % Maximum |
10.0 | 15.0 | 30.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| WHOLE KERNELS
Not less than, % |
60.0 | 55.0 | 55.0 | 40.0 | 32.0 | 28.0 |
| Broken & Small, Broken C1, % Max | 7.0 | 12.0 | 17.0 | 28.0 | 40.0 | 50.0 |
| Red and/or Under-
milled Kernels, Not exceeding, % |
2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Yellow Kernels,
Not exceeding , % |
0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Chalky Kernels,
Not exceeding , % |
6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Damage Kernels,
Not exceeding , % |
0.25 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| White Glutinous Rice,
Not exceeding , % |
1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Undeveloped,
Immature,other seed and Foreign Matter singly or combined Not exceeding , % |
0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Paddy (Grain per 1 kg
of rice) or % Maximum |
10.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| Moisture,% Maximum | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
| Milling Degree * | B | B | C | D | D | D |
Milling Degree:
- A=Extra Well Milled
- B=Well Milled
- C=Reasonably Well Milled
- D=Ordinarily Milled
Long grain class 1, class 2 and class 3 either singly or combined.
White Rice 100 % Grade A
- Long grain class 1 not less than 70.0%, the rest shall be Long grain class 2
- Of all these there may be Long grain class 3 not exceeding 5.0%
- Whole kernels not less than 60.0%
- Size of Broken having the length >=5.0 / <8.0mm not exceeding 4.0%
- Size of Head rice >=8.0mm
- Chalky kernels not exceeding 3.0%
- White glutinous rice not exceeding 1.5%
- Paddy not exceeding 5 grains per 1 kg. of rice
- Extra well milled
White Rice 100 % Grade B
- Long grain class1 not less than 40%, the rest shall be Long grain class2 / class 3
- Of all these there may be Short grain not exceeding 5.0 %
- Whole kernels not less than 60.0 %
- Size of Broken having the length >=5.0 / <8.0mm not exceeding 4.5%. Of this may be broken having the length not reaching 5.0 parts and not pass through sieve No.7 not exceeding 0.5%, and Small white broken C1 not exceeding 0.1%
- Size of Head rice >=8.0mm
- Yellow kernels not exceeding 0.2 %
- Chalky kernels not exceeding 6.0 %
- Damaged kernels not exceeding 0.25 %
- White glutinous rice not exceeding 1.5 %
- Paddy not exceeding 7 grains per 1 kg of rice
- Undeveloped kernels, Immature kernels, Other seeds and Foreign matter either singly or combined not exceeding 0.2 %
- Extra well milled
White Rice 100 % Grade C
- Long grain class1 not less than 30 %, the rest shall be long grain class 2 / class 3
- Short grain not exceeding 5.0 %
- Whole kernels not less than 60.0 %
- Broken having the length >=5.0 / <8.0 parts not exceeding 5.0 %. Of this may be broken having the length not reaching 5.0 parts and not passing through sieve No. 7 not exceeding 0.5 %, and Small white broken C1 not exceeding 0.1 %
- Size of Head rice having the length as from 8.0 parts onward
- Yellow kernels not exceeding 0.2 %
- Chalky kernels not exceeding 6.0 %
- Damaged kernels not exceeding 0.25%
- White glutinous rice not exceeding 1.5 %
- Paddy not exceeding 7 grains per 1 kg of rice
- Undeveloped kernels, Immature kernels, other seeds and foreign matter either singly or combined not exceeding 0.2 %
- Milling degree as Extra well milled
| Thai Parboiled Rice (TPBR) | 100% Sorted | 5% Sorted | 10% Sorted | 15 % | 25 % |
| Long Grain Class 1 & Class 2 *
Not less than, % |
60.0 | 45.0 | 30.0 | 25.0 | 20.0 |
| Short Grain, % Maximum | 10.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| Whole kernels, % Minimum | 80.0 | 80.0 | 75.0 | 70.0 | 60.0 |
| Size of Broken, parts | 4.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 18.0 | 28.0 |
| Size of Head rice, parts | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 5.0 |
| Red / Undermilled Kernels,
Not exceeding, % |
0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 |
| Yellow Kernels, % Maximum | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Black Kernels, % Maximum | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
| Party black/Peck kernel, % Max
Party black kernels, % Max |
1.5
0.5 |
2.0
0.75 |
2.5
1.0 |
4.0
2.5 |
4.5
3.0 |
| Damaged kernels, % Maximum | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Glutinous rice, % Maximum | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Paddy, grain per 1 kg , Max | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| Undeveloped, Immature, kernels,
Other seeds and Foreign matter, singly or combined, % Maximum |
0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Milling degree ** | A | B | B | B | D |
Parboiled Broken Rice A1
Parboiled broken rice A1 is obtained from the milling of Parboiled rice of various grades and shall have Grain composition as follows:
Grain Composition, composition of:
Broken having the length not reaching 6.0 parts and not passing through sieve No.7 for the entire quantity. Of this there may be broken having the length as from 6.0 parts onward and Whole kernels combined not exceeding 10.0%, and Small parboiled broken C1 not exceeding 6.0%
Matter that may be present:
Other seeds and Foreign matter not exceeding 1.0%
- The rest shall be long grain class 3
- A=Extra well milled B=Well milled C=Reasonably well milled D=Ordinary milled
Source:http://www.ke-rice.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=538830294&Ntype=4
Ejima Stores Nigeria
Shop 25, Onions Market, Aba, Abia State Nigeria
0803 293 7406
Ejima Stores (EJS) Nigeria is a dealers on all kinds of food stuff such as local and foreign rice, beans, garri, yam, soft-drinks and more.
Jariben Rice
1, Main Avenue, Okuku Road, Igoli-Ogoja, Cross River State Nigeria
0902 101 5555, 0806 208 5351
Jariben and ME Concept Limited is into the supplies and sales of quality foreign rice and is based in Cross River State Nigeria.
Kambel Rice Limited
Suite 432, 434, Kambel Line, Daleko Market, Mushin, Lagos Nigeria
0803 424 4882
Kambel Rice Limited is a Lagos based rice merchant company that specializes in the sales and distribution of all kinds of Nigeria, Cotonou and Thailand rice.
Mjimoh Nigeria Enterprise
106, Station Road Isibo Junction, Ede, Osun Nigeria
0803 357 0672, 0705 762 8038
Mjimoh Nigeria Enterprise deals in all kinds of vegetable oil, rice, semovita, flour, beans, sugar, spaghetti and more.
https://www.finelib.com/business/food/nigerian-foodstuffs/rice-dealers/foreign-rice
Rice Processing Machines Includes
- Rice Milling Plant
- Rice Cleaning Machine
- Rice Destoner Machine
- Paddy Husker Machine
- Rice Color Sorter
- Paddy Separator Machine
- Rice Whitener Machine
- Rice Polishing Machine
- Rice Grading Machine
- Grain Dryer
- Measure and Packing Machine
- Rice Milling Detection Machine
- Lifting Equipment
- Rice Processing Auxillary
http://www.rice-mill.org/PRODUCTS/Rice-Milling-Plant/
http://www.rice-mill.org/PRODUCTS/Rice-Cleaning-Machine/
http://www.rice-mill.org/PRODUCTS/Rice-Destoner-Machine/
Source:http://www.rice-mill.org/PRODUCTS/Rice-Milling-Plant/Rice-Processing-Equipment.html
Storage system
Rice storage facilities take many forms depending on the quantity of grain to be stored, the purpose of storage, and the location of the store.
Storage systems can be through bag, bulk, or hermetic containers.
In most parts of Asia grain is stored in 40−80 kg bags made from either jute or woven plastic. Depending on the size of storage, these bags are normally formed into a stack.
When using bag storage consideration needs to be given to the following:
- Jute bags should not be stacked higher than 4 m and plastic bags 3 m. Plastic bags are more slippery and the stacks will be less stable.
- Bags should be stacked under cover e.g. under a roof, in a shed or granary or under water proof tarpaulins.
- A one-meter gap should be left between and around stacks and 1.5 m clearance between the top of the stack and the roof.
- Bags should be stacked on pallets or on an above ground structure to avoid the possibility of absorbing moisture from the floor.
- Bags should not be stacked on a bed of rice husks or bags filled with rice husks, as these are difficult to keep free from insect infestation.
- Bags should be stacked so that fumigation can be undertaken easily. The dimensions of the stacks should be set to facilitate sealing with a single fumigation sheet.
- The efficiency of bag storage can be improved if a hermetic plastic liner bag like the IRRI Super bag is used inside the existing storage bag especially for seeds but also for commerical rice.
- Some farmers use bag storage in outside granaries, which have been constructed from timber or mud/cement or large woven bamboo or palm leaves.
Bulk Stoage
Farm level bulk storage
At farm level grain is often stored in bulk in small outside granaries or in woven baskets or containers made from wood, metal or concrete, which are located under or inside the house. These storages vary in capacity from 200−1000 kg.
Losses from insects, rodents, birds and moisture uptake are usually high in traditional bulk storage systems.
Commercial bulk storage
The large export mills and collection houses sometimes use metal or concrete silos. These silos range in size from 20−2,000-ton capacity. Silos have the advantage that they can be more easily sealed for fumigation and less grain is spilt or wasted. Silos are not very common in Asia because of problems with moisture migration inside the silo which results in hot-spots and moulds.
Hermetic Storage
Sealed or hermetic storage systems are a very effective means of controlling grain moisture content and insect activity for grain stored in tropical regions.
By placing an airtight barrier between the grain and the outside atmosphere the moisture content of the stored grain will remain the same as when the storage was sealed. Biological activity inside the sealed container will consume the oxygen and as a result most insects will die. Hermetic storage provides moisture and insect control without pesticides. In hermetically sealed storage systems grains are placed inside an airtight container, which stops oxygen and water movement between the outside atmosphere and the stored grain.
Types of hermetic storage systems
A hermetic storage system can be made from specially designed PVC containers such as:
- Cocoon- commercially available
- the Grain Safe
- the smaller 50kg IRRI Super bags – available to farmers and processors at low cost
- locally available containers – useful in rural settings, where local containers can be easily converted into hermetic storage systems
The size of hermetic storages can range from 3 litres to 2,000 tons. They can be used for paddy, brown rice, and other cereal crops such as maize and also coffee. Larger hermetic systems have also been used with milled rice.
