VALUE CHAIN #
Cocoa Value Chain
| German | Kakaobohnen (Rohkakao) |
| English | Cocoa beans (raw cocoa) |
| French | Cacao en fèves |
| Spanish | Cacao en grano |
| Scientific | Theobroma cacao |
Description of Cocoa
Cocoa beans are the seeds, contained in a cucumber-like fruit, of the cacao tree, a member of the Sterculiaceae family. The flowers/fruit are borne directly on the trunk (cauliflowery) and on thick branches (rami Flory). The yellowish, reddish to brownish fruits (botanically speaking, berries), which are of similar appearance to cucumbers, are divided into five longitudinal compartments, each containing up to 10 seeds (cocoa beans). As the fruits approach ripeness, the partitions break down and the seeds are located around the central funicle in a whitish pulp with a sweet/sour flavour.
The cocoa bean consists of the seed coat which encloses the cocoa kernel and almost solely consists of the two folded cotyledons, and the radicle. The cocoa kernel is the principal component for the production of cocoa products.
Two subtypes are distinguished:
- High-grade, criollo cocoa: the beans beans are large, roundish and brown in color. They have a delicately bitter, aromatic flavor and are easily processed.
- Forastero or common grade cocoa: the beans are smaller than criollo cocoa beans, flattened on the side, have a dark reddish-brown to violet color and a sharper flavor. Forastero cocoa beans account for around 90% of the world’s cocoa harvest.
The main zones of cultivation of the tropical cacao tree fall within a band 10° north and south of the equator. Central Africa produces approx. 75% of the world’s forastero cocoa harvest, while criollo cocoa is primarily shipped from Central America (Venezuela, Ecuador) and from Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
Due to its high content of fat (cocoa butter), protein and carbohydrates, cocoa has a high nutritional value. Since cocoa contains only small amounts of substances such as theobromine (1 – 2%) and caffeine (0.2%), consuming it has no harmful side-effects.
In order to moderate the initially bitter flavor of cocoa and to develop the flavor typical of cocoa, the beans must be subjected to a fermentation process during which the highly bitter tannins present in the beans are oxidized, resulting in the formation of aromatic substances and the development of the typical brown to deep red-brown color of cocoa. As a result of the heat associated with fermentation, the cocoa beans lose their ability to germinate.
This process is performed after harvesting by heaping cocoa beans in layers in troughs, concrete pits or fermenting tanks.
Quality / Duration of storage
The quality of cocoa products (e.g. cocoa powder for beverages) is primarily determined by the quality of the raw cocoa.
Fully ripened and correctly fermented cocoa beans are thus of a brown to dark red color and have a very fragile kernel with a pure, bitter flavour.
Apart from exhibiting the appearance and odour characteristic of their variety, perfect beans must be undamaged and uncontaminated, must include no foreign matter or mold and must not be infested with insects or have suffered wetting damage. They must not smell sour, musty or smoky.
Poorly fermented cocoa beans are purple or very dark in colour when under fermented. They also have a slate to solid kernel and an astringent (mouth-puckering) flavour. The core may have changed to a violet to yellowish white colour. The excessive heating which occurs in over fermentation also results in butyric acid fermentation, which impairs quality.
Quality of cocoa beans is assessed according to the following criteria:
Good qualities:
- fully ripe, correctly fermented
- firm beans of uniform size with a dry weight of no less than 1 g
- loose and undamaged shell
- light to dark reddish-brown color
- readily crumbled, highly fragile kernel
Bad qualities:
- unripe and poorly fermented
- mouldy cocoa beans
- strong violet color as a result of under fermentation; purple colour when over fermented
- slate and firm kernel as a result of under fermentation
- insect infested cocoa beans
- flat, unripe, small and broken cocoa beans
- germinated cocoa beans
- ham-like odour due to over fermentation
- smoky odour due to excessively long drying
The product should be shipped shortly after harvest, as extended storage (> 6 months) may result in losses due to the high relative humidities in the tropics.
Intended use
For the production of cocoa powder and further processing into beverages, chocolates and desserts. http://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/genuss/kakao/kakao.htm#temperatur
Market Update
Download reports on Cocoa Market Update, a summary report that includes key statistics, production & grindings detail, and pricing information. Cocoa Market Update (April 2014)
Economic Profile of the US Chocolate Industry (Posted November 2011)
Economic Profile of the EU Chocolate Industry (Posted November 2011)
Economic Profile of the Japanese Chocolate Industry
http://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/about-cocoa/cocoa-market-statistics/
Challenges of cocoa value chain
Low Productivity
Farmers often have limited knowledge of modern farming techniques and farm management skills as well as limited access to finance that would allow the purchase of input supplies and quality planting material. Other challenges that impede productivity include aging trees that are past their peak cocoa pod production, decline in soil fertility and pests and disease that attack cocoa trees.
Marketing Challenges
The percentage of the world price that farmers receive varies significantly across regions. This is due to a number of factors, including, regulatory environment, access to market information, the use of individual sales versus leveraging the power of group buying, understanding of cocoa quality requirements; and transportation costs.
Pests & Disease
In all three major growing regions, an estimated 30-40% of the crop is lost to pests and disease.
Environmental Concerns
Soil fertility levels degrade over time. Improving productivity through composting and application of fertilizer rejuvenates cocoa lands. Promoting agroforestry techniques, to sustain a diversity of shade trees, food crops, cocoa and other cash crops, encourages productive, healthy, and sustainable farms for cocoa-growing communities.
Access to Education
In some areas, a lack of quality basic education is a critical issue, affecting everything from farmer labour practices and business decisions to youth migrating to urban areas and hindering the future growth of cocoa farming. Functional literacy, agricultural livelihoods training, youth leadership, and teacher training programs that improve access to a quality and relevant education are essential to sustain cocoa-growing communities in the long-term. http://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/about-cocoa/challenges/
List of Cocoa Exporters
FTN Cocoa Processors Plc
Plot 5 Block 77 Basheer Shittu Avenue, Magodo GRA, Lagos State
+234 1 740 9651, +234 1 740 4744
FTN Cocoa Processors Plc engage in the exportation of cocoa, cashew nuts and sesame seeds.
Saro Agro-Allied
Empire Place, Plot 1683 Sanusi Fafunwa, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria
+234-1-6311110
http://saroafrica.com.ng/subsidiaries/agro-allied-limited/
Saro Agro-Allied engage in the exportation of cocoa, cashew nuts and sesame seeds.
Tosmega Cocoa Nigeria Ltd
7 Katchuan 2 Irruan, LGA, Boki, Cross River State, Nigeria
+234 812 107 1246, +234 813 367 9571
http://tosmegacocoa.blogspot.com.ng/
Tosmega Cocoa Nigeria is a major exporter of cocoa beans, coffee, and different spices.
Akeem and Kamoru Nigeria Ltd
31 Ilupeju Street, Oke Afo, Ikirun, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
+234 803 403 4195
Akeem and Kamoru Nigeria offers exportation of cocoa products.
Berveek Limited
Klm 34, Benin/Shagamu Express Way, Ugbogui, Benin City, Edo State Nigeria
+234 805 671 4319
Berveek is a major supplier of cocoa, cocoa beans, cashew nuts, other tropical crops.
Cocoa Products (Ile Oluji) Ltd
Area 5, Ile-Ife Town, Ife South, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
+234 805 297 3344, +234 706 550 7971
Cocoa Products (Ile Oluji) is a agro allied manufacturing company on cocoa Beans shell, cocoa powder, cocoa beans and other cocoa products.
Remedy Crown Investment
2 Testing Ground Area, Olorunda, Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
+234 806 452 5299
Remedy Crown Investment is a cocoa beans merchant, producing and exporting all products of cocoa from the cocoa bean to the finest chocolate products.
Shinwillcrown Cocoa Producing Company
15 Apkefon Street, Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria
+234 810 761 9199
Shinwillcrown Cocoa Producing Company offers the exportation of cocoa beans, cotton and jute bags.
Source: https://www.finelib.com/business/exporters/agro-allied-products/cocoa
List of Cocoa Buyers
Matinique Ventures Limited
Add. 42, Olutosin Ajayi Street off International Airport Road, Ajao Estate, GPO Box 9898, Marina, Lagos
Contact person: Mr. Isaac Olayanju, CEO
Tel: 00234-8034020611 00234-1-4527999 4527999(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
- A. Agosile and Sons Nigeria Limited
Add. 146, Sunday Farm Estate, Cement Bus Stop, Lagos
Contact person: Mr. Clement I. Agosile, CEO
Tel: 00234-8023105727 00234-1-4925861 4925861(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Agro Allied Development Enterprises Limited
Add. 4/6, Happy Home Avenue, Kirikiri Industrial Area, Apapa, Lagos
Contact person: Mr. Suresh Puri, Chairman and CEO
Tel: 00234-1-7740633 7730529 7752323 7755060 7752424 5878467 5878251(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
All Grains (West Africa) Limited
Add. Plot P1, Pokobros Avenue, Off Atani Road, Harbour Industrial Layout, P. O. Box 10001, Onitsha
Contact person: Chief P. A. Okomkwo, Chairman and CEO
Tel: 00234-46-214983 210800 212693
Beeb Holdings Limited
Add. 72, Allen Avenue, Ikeja, P. O. Box 6552, Marina, Lagos
Contact person: Chief Olabintan Famutimi, Chairman and Managing Director
Mrs. Mopelola Adetiloye, Business Manager
Tel: 00234-1-4965379 4972666 4930444(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Cargill Ventures Limited
Add. TISCO Plaza, 2nd floor, Central Business District, Alausa, P. O. Box 6974, Ikeja, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-2644823 2644824 2644825 2644826 2644828(fax)
Cocoa Industries Limited
Add. 1, Cocoa Industries Road, Ikeja Industrial Estate, P. M. B. 21114, Ikeja, Lagos
Contact person: Mr. R. O. Agbaje, Managing Director and CEO
Tel: 00234-1-4925080 4925070 4923991 4924355 4926383(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Ebun Industries Limited
Head office address: 104, Obafemi Awolowo Way, P. O. Box 247, Ikeja, Lagos
Contact person: Mr. Tope Bakare, Chairman
Mr. Ayo Bakare, Managing Director and CEO
Tel: 00234-4936885 4965863 4933806(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.ebun.com
Main factory site: 113, Iju Road, Ifako-Agege, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-4924092 4924093 4924624
ED & F Man Nigeria Limited
Add. 7, Kopek Road, off Fatai Atere Way, Matori Industrial Estate, Mushin, P. O. Box 70070, Victoria Island, Lagos
Contact person: Alh. S. Y. Abarshi, Chairman
Mr. Duncan Briggs, Managing Director and CEO
Mr. Olufemi Boyede
Fax: 00234-1-4527278 5802609
Olam Nigeria Limited
Add. Plot 2, Block K, Ilasamaja Industrial Estate, Apapa-Oshodi Expressway, Ilasamaja, Isolo, P. O. Box 18165, Ikeja, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-4527339 4525521 4971978 4971979 4973006 4973006(fax)
Saro Agrochemicals Limited
Head office address: Saro¡¯s Place, Plot 2068, Block 18C, Amuwo/Festac New Access Road, P. M. B. 1837, Apapa, Laogs
Contact person: Mr. L. A. Bakare, Chairman
Mr. A. S. Fatokun, Customer Service Manager
Mr. A. M. Makinde, Business Development Manager
Tel: 00234-1-4702458 5893137 5888055(fax) 2690915(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Stanmarks Cocoa Processing Company Limited
Add. Km. 5, Ondo/Akure Road, Ile-Oluji, P. M. B. 565, Ondo
Tel: 00234-8033355586 00234-34-610109 610106 610852 610854 243388 243424(fax)
Contact person: Oladunjoye Felix
E-mail: [email protected]
Unicontrol Commodity Nigeria Limited
Add. Plot A3, Ikosi Road, Oregun Industrial Estate, Oregun, Ikeja, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-4979762 4979763 4979764(fax)
Watyem-Dks Enterprises Limited
Add. 1, Kayode Street, off Ikorodu Road, Onipanu, P. O. Box 3206, shomolu, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-7746091 7731061 7746091(fax) 7731061(fax)
Branch: 105, Idanre Road, Akure, Ondo State
Tel/Fax: 00234-34-244774 242607
Agro Trade Limited
Add. Alagbaka Estate, Behind Central Bank of Nigeria, Alagbaka, Akure, Ondo State
Tel: 00234-8036001959
Nivik Investments Limited
Add. 2, Ondo Bye-Pass, Akure, Ondo State
Contact person: Mr. Victor H. Iyama, CEO
Tel: 00234-33145284 00234-34-242289 244503 244503(fax)
Lagos office: 322, Herbert Macaulay Street, Yaba, P. O. Box 6524, Surulere, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-7751823
E-mail: [email protected]
Batraco Nigeria Limited
Add. Off Oyemekun Road, Akure, Ondo State
Tel: 00234-8033218916
Abig Nigeria Limited
Add. Suite 22, Akure Shopping Complex, Akure, Ondo State
Tel: 00234-8034267993
Fortune Commodities Limited
Add. Brig Ademulegun Road, Ondo State
Tel: 00234-8036925144
COOP Cocoa Processing Company Limited
Add. COOP House, Ilesa-Benin Expressway, Akure, Ondo State
Tel: 00234-34080720
International Transactions Limited
Add. Calabar-Ikom Expressway, Calabar
Tel: 00234-8037117290
Multi-trex Investment Limited
Add. 2A Allen Avenue, Ikeja, lagos
Tel: 00234-1-4970462 4970468(fax)
Contact person: Mr. Tola Awere
Ice Limited Lagos
Add. 77, Adeniyi Jones, Ikeja, Lagos
el: 00234-1-5557677 7769793
Contact person: Mrs. Modupe Olubawowo
Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry)
Add. 1, Idowu Taylor Street, Victoria Island, P.O.Box 109, Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-2705284 2613917 2705389(fax)
E-mail: [email protected] »ò[email protected]
Web: www.lagoschamber.com
Contact person: Chief Olusola Faleye, President
Ms. Sade Mosuro, Director, Business Service Unit
The World Trade Center of Nigeria£©
Add. Western House, 8/10 Broad Street, P.O.Box 4466 Marina Lagos
Tel: 00234-1-2635276 2647279(fax) 4744404 2692072(fax)
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.wtca.org
Cocoa Association of Nigeria
Office: COOP House, Ilesa-Benin Expressway, P. M. B. 720, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
National President: Mr. Victor H. Iyama
Tel: 00234-34-242289 243208(fax) 244503(fax) 242421£¨fax£© 00234-1-7751823 00234-8033145284
http://21stplacelive.com/Cocoa%20buyers.htm
